United States
Martina Navratilova
Key facts
- Height
- 173 cm
- Born
- 18 October 1956
- Plays
- Left-handed
- Tour
- WTA
- Born in
- Prague
Official profile
Every game we hold
Includes finals, playoffs and exhibition games, so totals run higher than regular-season figures.
| Season | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 Wta tourUnited States | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | 1 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2004 Wta tourUnited States | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | 4 | 8 | 47 | 53 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 180 | 116 | 76 | 31 | 7 | 16 | 168 | 71 | 8 | 17 | 3 | 1 | – | – | – |
| 2002 Wta tourUnited States | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 | 3 | 26 | 23 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1994 Wta tourUnited States | 47 | 33 | 1 | – | 5 | 74 | 40 | 607 | 446 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – |
| 1993 Wta tourUnited States | 54 | 46 | 5 | – | 7 | 95 | 25 | 661 | 385 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | – | – | – |
| 1992 Wta tourUnited States | 46 | 38 | 4 | – | 8 | 80 | 23 | 570 | 347 | 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – |
| 1991 Wta tourUnited States | 62 | 53 | 5 | – | 10 | 111 | 29 | 785 | 472 | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – |
| 1990 Wta tourUnited States | 59 | 52 | 6 | 1 | 9 | 109 | 20 | 729 | 358 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | – | – | – | – |
| 1989 Wta tourUnited States | 80 | 73 | 8 | – | 11 | 151 | 24 | 990 | 506 | 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19 | – | – | 5 | – |
| 1988 Wta tourUnited States | 77 | 70 | 9 | – | 11 | 142 | 24 | 952 | 462 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22 | – | – | – | – |
| 1987 Wta tourUnited States | 67 | 59 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 120 | 19 | 807 | 408 | 11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 27 | – | – | – | – |
| 1986 Wta tourUnited States | 91 | 88 | 13 | 2 | 15 | 181 | 17 | 1,171 | 562 | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21 | – | – | 5 | – |
| 1985 Wta tourUnited States | 89 | 84 | 12 | 2 | 15 | 172 | 19 | 1,120 | 535 | 13 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 27 | 7 | – | – | – |
| 1984 Wta tourUnited States | 80 | 78 | 13 | 3 | 14 | 158 | 10 | 1,001 | 414 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 26 | – | – | – | – |
| 1983 Wta tourUnited States | 94 | 93 | 18 | 3 | 18 | 187 | 9 | 1,172 | 408 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 24 | – | – | 2 | – |
| 1982 Wta tourUnited States | 97 | 93 | 15 | 2 | 17 | 189 | 23 | 1,233 | 595 | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22 | – | – | 5 | – |
| 1981 Wta tourUnited States | 108 | 92 | 10 | 1 | 16 | 195 | 49 | 1,378 | 784 | 18 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22 | – | – | – | – |
| 1980 Wta tourUnited States | 104 | 91 | 13 | – | 17 | 188 | 42 | 1,309 | 745 | 19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | 1 |
| 1979 Wta tourUnited States | 108 | 95 | 12 | 1 | 18 | 191 | 37 | 1,292 | 712 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – |
| 1978 Wta tourUnited States | 90 | 80 | 11 | 1 | 15 | 163 | 33 | 1,117 | 590 | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – |
| 1977 Wta tourUnited States | 85 | 69 | 6 | – | 12 | 145 | 38 | 1,039 | 639 | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | – | – | – | – |
| 1976 Wta tourUnited States | 60 | 42 | 2 | – | 3 | 92 | 44 | 694 | 531 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | – | – |
| 1975 Wta tourUnited States | 114 | 92 | 4 | – | 12 | 188 | 59 | 1,341 | 905 | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21 | – | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| 1974 Wta tourUnited States | 59 | 39 | 2 | – | 4 | 89 | 53 | 735 | 598 | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – |
| 1973 Wta tourUnited States | 36 | 20 | 1 | – | 1 | 45 | 37 | 408 | 386 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – |
| 1972 Wta tourUnited States | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 3 | 2 | 27 | 22 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Career26 seasons | 1717 | 1,483 | 176 | 18 | 248 | 3,076 | 689 | 21,222 | 11,902 | 254 | 2 | 6 | 180 | 116 | 76 | 31 | 7 | 16 | 168 | 71 | 8 | 17 | 355 | 8 | 5 | 22 | 2 |
Game log, 2005 Wta tour
| Game | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s Hertogenbosch: Round of 32 v Claudine SchaulL 1-2 13 June | 0 | – | – | – | 1 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Splits, Wta tour
| Split | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WinsResult | 1483 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 12.8 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – |
| LossesResult | 234 | 0.0 | – | – | 0.3 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 9.8 | 13.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 |
| FinalsStage · won 695 of 862 | 862 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 12.4 | 8.2 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 |
| Regular seasonStage · won 788 of 855 | 855 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.9 | 0.3 | 12.3 | 5.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Chris EvertOpponent · won 44 of 81 | 81 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | – |
| Pam ShriverOpponent · won 41 of 44 | 44 | 0.9 | 0.2 | – | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Hana MandlikovaOpponent · won 29 of 37 | 37 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 13.4 | 9.3 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | 0.1 | – |
| Tracy AustinOpponent · won 21 of 35 | 35 | 0.6 | 0.3 | – | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Wendy TurnbullOpponent · won 31 of 35 | 35 | 0.9 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 12.9 | 7.2 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Zina GarrisonOpponent · won 33 of 34 | 34 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 12.6 | 5.9 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Helena SukovaOpponent · won 26 of 32 | 32 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | 0.0 | – |
| Evonne GoolagongOpponent · won 17 of 30 | 30 | 0.6 | 0.2 | – | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | 0.0 | – |
| Virginia WadeOpponent · won 20 of 28 | 28 | 0.7 | 0.0 | – | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 |
| Dianne FromholtzOpponent · won 20 of 24 | 24 | 0.8 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Anne SmithOpponent · won 22 of 23 | 23 | 1.0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 11.8 | 4.7 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | 0.0 |
| Claudia Kohde KilschOpponent · won 21 of 23 | 23 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.9 | 0.3 | 12.8 | 6.5 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | 0.0 | – |
| Mima JausovecOpponent · won 21 of 22 | 22 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 12.7 | 6.6 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Betty StoveOpponent · won 17 of 21 | 21 | 0.8 | 0.2 | – | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 12.3 | 7.7 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Gabriela SabatiniOpponent · won 15 of 21 | 21 | 0.7 | 0.2 | – | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 11.4 | 8.1 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Sue BarkerOpponent · won 18 of 21 | 21 | 0.9 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 13.0 | 8.1 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | – | 0.0 | – |
| Bettina BungeOpponent · won 20 of 20 | 20 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 13.0 | 6.8 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | – |
| Barbara PotterOpponent · won 18 of 18 | 18 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 13.9 | 7.9 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Billie Jean KingOpponent · won 11 of 18 | 18 | 0.6 | 0.2 | – | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Rosie CasalsOpponent · won 12 of 18 | 18 | 0.7 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 10.4 | 9.1 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Steffi GrafOpponent · won 9 of 18 | 18 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.5 | – | – | – | – |
| Andrea JaegerOpponent · won 12 of 17 | 17 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 12.2 | 8.5 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Monica SelesOpponent · won 7 of 17 | 17 | 0.4 | 0.3 | – | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Sylvia HanikaOpponent · won 14 of 16 | 16 | 0.9 | 0.2 | – | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 12.5 | 6.5 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Arantxa Sanchez VicarioOpponent · won 12 of 15 | 15 | 0.8 | 0.2 | – | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 12.9 | 9.5 | 0.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | 0.1 | – |
| Kathy JordanOpponent · won 14 of 15 | 15 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 13.3 | 7.3 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Catarina Lindqvist RyanOpponent · won 14 of 14 | 14 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 12.7 | 6.6 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | 0.1 | – | – | – |
| Manuela Maleeva FragniereOpponent · won 11 of 14 | 14 | 0.8 | 0.1 | – | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Virginia RuziciOpponent · won 13 of 14 | 14 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.9 | 0.3 | 12.3 | 6.8 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Yvonne VermaakOpponent · won 14 of 14 | 14 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.1 | 13.0 | 5.3 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Greer StevensOpponent · won 13 of 13 | 13 | 1.0 | 0.2 | – | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 13.1 | 6.5 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Jo DurieOpponent · won 13 of 13 | 13 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.2 | 12.9 | 6.1 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | 0.1 | – |
| Natalia ZverevaOpponent · won 8 of 13 | 13 | 0.6 | 0.3 | – | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 10.9 | 8.7 | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Ann Kiyomura HayashiOpponent · won 12 of 12 | 12 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.2 | 12.8 | 6.3 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Lori McneilOpponent · won 12 of 12 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 13.6 | 8.3 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Francoise DurrOpponent · won 9 of 11 | 11 | 0.8 | – | – | – | 1.5 | 0.6 | 11.1 | 8.2 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Joanne RussellOpponent · won 10 of 11 | 11 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.8 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 6.7 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Kathy HorvathOpponent · won 10 of 11 | 11 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.8 | 0.2 | 12.0 | 5.7 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Rosalyn FairbankOpponent · won 11 of 11 | 11 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.1 | 12.5 | 5.3 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Kate LathamOpponent · won 10 of 10 | 10 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.3 | 13.8 | 6.6 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Kerry ReidOpponent · won 9 of 10 | 10 | 0.9 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 12.1 | 5.7 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Larisa SavchenkoOpponent · won 9 of 10 | 10 | 0.9 | 0.2 | – | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 6.7 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Laura DupontOpponent · won 10 of 10 | 10 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.1 | 12.6 | 5.6 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Nathalie TauziatOpponent · won 9 of 10 | 10 | 0.9 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 11.5 | 5.8 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Pam TeeguardenOpponent · won 7 of 9 | 9 | 0.8 | – | – | – | 1.8 | 0.6 | 12.3 | 7.2 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Sharon Walsh PeteOpponent · won 9 of 9 | 9 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.1 | 12.4 | 5.8 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Betsy NagelsenOpponent · won 7 of 8 | 8 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.9 | 0.3 | 12.9 | 6.8 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Gigi FernandezOpponent · won 8 of 8 | 8 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 13.0 | 7.9 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Katerina MaleevaOpponent · won 7 of 8 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 12.6 | 5.5 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Mary Joe FernandezOpponent · won 8 of 8 | 8 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.3 | 12.6 | 6.9 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mary Lou PiatekOpponent · won 8 of 8 | 8 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 3.5 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Tanya HarfordOpponent · won 8 of 8 | 8 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.3 | 13.0 | 4.6 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Terry HolladayOpponent · won 7 of 8 | 8 | 0.9 | – | – | – | 1.9 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 6.0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Anne MinterOpponent · won 7 of 7 | 7 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 2.0 | 0.0 | 12.1 | 4.1 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Catherine TanvierOpponent · won 7 of 7 | 7 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 12.4 | 5.7 | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Jana NovotnaOpponent · won 6 of 7 | 7 | 0.9 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – |
Most played opponents
- 81 matchesChris Evert 44-37
- 44 matchesPam Shriver 41-3
- 37 matchesHana Mandlikova 29-8
- 35 matchesTracy Austin 21-14
- 35 matchesWendy Turnbull 31-4
- 34 matchesZina Garrison 33-1
Wins-losses for Navratilova. Tap a rival for the full head to head.
Stats from official league and public sports feeds. Updated hourly. Tennis history by Jeff Sackmann / Tennis Abstract (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).